INTRODUCTION: Communication apprehension (CA) is a problem related to organizational Communications; i. e. the fear or anxiety people experience before, or when communicating with others. according to personality theories, people with positive personality traits-like high self-esteem-experience less anxiety in their interpersonal Communications and have a greater willingness to communicate with others. Also, Political Skills are among the important Communication Skills at organizations that can be considered an antidote for CA. CA is an important problem for those employees who work within a Political environment. Therefore, in this research we have tried to investigate the impact of Political skill on CA of the employees of North Khorasan governate, which is a Political unit. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: In the early 1980s, both Pfeffer and Mintzberg introduce organizations as Political entities, and both suggested that to be effective in such environments, individuals have to possess Political Skills. Ferris Et Al. (2005) have identified four dimensions of Political Skills: social astuteness, interpersonal influence, networking ability, and sincerity; that they could affect an employee's willingness or desire to their Communication. For the first time, the concept of CA was introduced in 1970 by James C. Mccroskey. he believed that CA reflects the anxiety that a person experiences when communicate with others. An area in which people may experience CA is workplace. Macroskey and Richmond (1987) believed that self-esteem is one of the factors related to people's willingness to communicate with others. They suggest that people with high self-esteem have more desire to communicate with others.

The paper offers a distinctive reading of Popper’s work, suggesting that his Logic of Scientific Discovery (LScD) might be re-interpreted in the light of his Open Society. Indeed, Popper can be interpreted as criticising certain aspects of his first book, and as a result improving upon them, in his second. It suggests translating what Popper says about ‘conventions’ into his later vocabulary of ‘social institutions’. Looking back, I believe that Popper never intended the language of conventions and decisions to be read individualistically. I remain unsure whether Popper was himself quite as clear about this as he could have been.  My reading makes Popper a pioneer in the sociology of science. Scientific institutions are arenas of Political power; but Popper did not discuss the structure and inter-relations of the social institutions of science, or offer a politics of science in the context of his methodology. What is missing from the skeletal sociology of LScD is the politics. We could put it in Popperian terms this way: scientific institutions are both open and closed. They are closed, firmly, to the inexpert, to the non-members; supposedly they are open to the qualified, provided the prerogatives of seniority and leadership are acknowledged. Despite these shortcomings, Popper’s critical and rational approach and his insistence on openness and intellectual honesty are still important today.

The role and impact of Communication on politics has led to the formation of studies and researches under the title of Political Communication. In the present study, in order to investigate the researches related to Political Communication in Iran, scientific research and promotional scientific articles published in the last decade (between 2010 and 2019) in eight specialized Communications and media publications were analyzed using meta-analysis method. The research findings show that Iranian researchers have not paid much attention and interest in research in this interdisciplinary field. Media diplomacy, discussion of Political participation and development, elections and voter behavior, developments in Arab countries/Islamic awakening, and the three concepts of framing, conceptualization, and stereotyping are some of the topics that the reviewed articles have dealt with more. The most used research methods are documentary and library research, survey and critical discourse analysis. The researchers of the main trends of Communication sciences, Political sciences and sociology of three Islamic Azad Universities, Tehran and Allameh Tabatabai have contributed the most in writing the reviewed articles.

Purpose: Examines the relationship between organizational creativity and information and Communication Skills of librarians in academic libraries. Methodology: The present study was conducted through an analytical survey among librarians in the province of East Azarbaijan university libraries. Data was collected by a researcher designed questionnare. Findings: The mean of organizational creativity was 26. 831 with a standard deviation of 1. 83 the mean of information and Communication Skills was 61. 021 with a standard deviation of 2. 60. Inferential statistical analysis (regression and Pearson test) at a meaningful level smaller than 0. 05, confirmed the relationship between organizaaational creativity of libraries and information and Communication Skills with R = 0. 615. Conclusion: Organizational creativity of librarians in academic libraries and their information and Communication Skills ware in a good state. We found a direct, positive, and meaningful relationship between organizational creativity of libraries with information and Communication Skills.

The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the Political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive risk and how to risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of risk perception and Communication in this pervasive crisis.

The research purpose was to study the effectiveness of Communication Skills (couple Communication program) upon marital dissatisfaction amongst the couples attending Ahvaz civil courts in 87-88. The sample comprised 30 couples referred to the counseling centers of the above-mentioned courts in 1388, who were then randomly grouped into two experimental groups (each consisted of 15 couples). Having undergone the test in eight 90-minute sessions, the groups were then compared with one another in follow-up session which was held one month later. As results revealed, couple Communication program proved effective on decreasing the marital dissatisfaction, which remained stable in the follow up session.

International tour leaders are considered as cultural ambassadors of a country whose Communication competencies influence on the positive and negative experiences of tourists and their memories of destination. Due to the nature of the Communication between the tour guide's job and the face-to-face interactions with the tourists, their Communication Skills are very important. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the Communication competencies of the international tour leaders and their importance. This qualitative-quantitative (mixed) study was conducted using the Delphi method. The statistical population of the study is university experts in the field of tourism and international tour leaders. Sampling was done randomly and snowball method was used to identify the research sample. The data gathered with the participation of 28 experts was saturated. The findings of the study showed that the experts in total presented 21 Communication Skills that include Fluency in foreign language, Using body language, compassion, Keep the right distance, Proper movements, Being humorous, Amiability and geniality, Being polite, Being respectful in social Communications, Maintain eye contact, use gestures, Not having a tongue tie, Use proper grammar, Describing interestingly, Having an appropriate connection with other elements of the tourism industry, Strong expression and strong speaking ability, storytelling, Providing information which are proper with conditions of the tour in terms of time and mood of tourists, Using verbal and nonverbal symptoms, Creating diversity, Entertaining tourists and Social mediation. The findings of this study provide tour operators and the Association of Professional Tour Leaders and Educational centers of Tour guiding with a platform from which they can launch educational seminars and workshops to enhance tour leaders’ Communication competency

Background and Purpose: Communication has become a core topic in nursing care and investigations on this topic could have a significant impact on increasing nursing quality services. The present study aims to evaluate the Communication Skills and nursing staff component focusing on emotional management, others’ perception and self-expression.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study to determine the Communication Skills of military nursing staffs in Tehran, elected in 2013. 340 staff nurses working at internal medicine, surgery, intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency were enrolled. Data were gathered using a designed questionnaire and by using SPSS 18 and Chi-square analysis. Validity and reliability testing using alpha- Cronbach has been obtained 0.66.Results: 52.1% of the participants were women. The mean age was 35.29 (±7.5) and the mean score of Communication skill was 116.14 (±9.43). Between Communication Skills & the variables of age, education, nursing responsibilities, there was a significant correlation (P < 0.05). The relationship between Communication skill and components (emotional management, others’ perception, self-expression) was positive and significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The Communication score in this study was average. Therefore, in order to promote efficiency and improve care quality, encouraging the employees to utilize these Skills and monitoring this execution and also developing short term courses with the subjects as emotional management, others’ perception, and self-expression, in the communicative Skills are recommended.